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MINERALS.SAM
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1997-02-16
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ilmenite //titanate & oxide FeTiO3
H5-6
SG 4.5-5
-- iron-black, conchoidal fracture
-- diaphanous, metallic to submetallic
-- sometimes slightly magnetic due to intergrown magnetite
-- a source of pigment -- TiO2
*
bixbyite //oxide (Mn,Fe)2O3
H6-6.5
SG 4.9
black, brilliant metallic to submetallic
usually in perfect cubes, assoc w/topaz
-- rare- usually in cavities in rhyolite
*
goethite //oxide HFeO2
H5-5.5
SG 4-4.4
-- brown iron ore, brown hematite
-- xtals prismatic & striated
black-brown to yellow or red-brown
xtals adamantine, metallic to dull
streak brown-yellow to orange-yellow
*
rutile //oxide TiO2
SG 4.4
H6-6.5
-- xtal or massive
distinct prismatic
reddish brown, blue-violet, black. white when pure
adamantine to metallic
a source of titanium
*
galena //sulfide PbS
H2.5, sg 7.5
dark lead-gray, metallic
most important lead ore
-- also for Ag-- as argentite impurities often associated
cubic
*
argentite Silver glance //sulfide Ag2S
H2-2.5
SG7.3
black, metallic, opaque
the most common primary Ag mineral
*
stibnite //sulfide Sb2S3
H2, sg 4.low sg for a sulfide
most important ore of antimony
greek stibi = Sb
generally black, radiating needles
has ability to bend slightly
*
molybdenite //sulfide MoS2
lead-gray with blue tinnge
hex xtals
metallic, opaque
principal ore of Mo
*
sylvanite //telluride (Au,Ag)Te2
H1.5-2
steel-grey to silver-white, metallic, opaque
*
cinnabar //sulfide HgS
bright red, brownish, adamantine to dull
H2-2.5, SG 8.1
near hot springs, volcanic activity
the only important ore of Hg
amalgams with Sn, Ag, Au (so used to extract Au)
*
orpiment //sulfide As2S3
H1.5-2
SG3.4-3.5
lemon yellow, orange
found with realgar, cinnabar
*
realgar //sulfide AsS
deep red to orange
H1.5-2 sg 3.5-3.6
can be confused with cinnabar
*
kaolinite //clay Al2Si2O5(OH)4
H 2-2.5
hydrous alumino-silicate
quintessential clay-- hydrolysis of K feldspar (KCl a by product)
widely used for pottery, china, porcelain
reason why granite crumbles in warm, moist climates
white, creamm color-- earthy, dull
soft powdery texture--
-- smells earthy when damp
-- generally in clay-like masses with dull appearance
-- crumbles easily
*
sphalerite FLFLORANGE+ blende //sulfide ZnS
H3.5-4
SG 4.1
-- often confused w/galena
-- blende is popular name
-- major world source of Zn
mamatite= dark variety with > 10% FeS
fluorescent in absence of iron, which is seldom the case
can fl blue, red, pink, green w/ other activators
cubic, perfect cleavage also massive, fibrous
*
azurite chessylite //carbonate Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cu+++
azure-blue
often assoc. with green malachite
*
malachite //carbonate Cu2CO3(OH)2
H3.5-4
Cu++
green
xtals rare
botryoidal & stalactite-like forms, or crusts
often assoc with azurite
*
chrysocolla //silicate Cu2H2Si2O5(OH)4
H 2-4
-- bright blue green
-- never xtaline. Uneven to conchoidal fracture VERY brittle
-- harder than turquoise, softer than chalcedony
-- often with limonite, azurite, malachite
-- minor ore of copper
*
chrysoberyl //oxide BeO.Al2O3
tabular xtals
H8.5
SG 3.7
distinct cleavage 1 direction
green, grn-white, yellow-grn, golden yellow
*
cuprite //oxide Cu2O
H3.5-4
SG 5.8-6.1
dark red similar to harder hematite & softer cinnabar
*
chalcosine chalcocite //sulfide Cu2S
H2.5-3 sg 5.5-5.8
xtals rare
dark grey, tarnishing to black
sol hot HNO3
important copper ore
*
bornite peackock ore //sulfide Cu5FeS4
H3, SG5
red brown-- tarnishing to iridescent purple
cubic, xtals rare
brittle
*
chalcopyrite peacock ore //sulfide CuFeS2
h 3.5-4, sg 4.2
softer than pyrite, brittle, harder than gold
usually massive
brass-yellow, streak geenish black
tarnished, may be iridescent
very common copper ore
*
covellite ,blue copper, indigo copper //sulfide CuS
H 1.5-2
crystals rare, usually massive
indigo blue or darker, often iridescent in brass-yellow to dark red
streak grey-black
diaphanous
flexible in thin leaves
*
pyrite //sulfide FeS2
H6-.5 sg 4.9-5.2
fool's gold
important sulfur ore
*
marcasite //sulfide FeS2
H6-6.5 sg 4.8
white on fresh surface
tends to disintegrate to a white powder (FeSO4)
*
arsenopyrite //sulfide FeAsS
H5.5-6
prismatic, silver white to steel grey xtals
metallic, opaque
sparks when hit with hammer--> odor of garlic
chief ore of arsenic
*
turquoise //phosphate CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.5H2O
H5-6
SG 2.6-2.8
sky blue, sometimes blue-green
Cu-->green, Fe-->blue
ctals tiny, rare
triclinic, rarely xtal
-- usually massive, granular, stalactitic, concretionary
-- crusts
white to,pale grn streak
perfect basal cleavage
conchoidal to smooth fracture
streak white or greenish
name is from french pierre turquoise-- rock of Turkey
*
stilbite //silicate CaAl2Si7O18.7H2O
cream-pink
vitreous, transparent to translucent
rough sheaf-like xtals are diagnostic
-- aggregates of cruciform penetration twins
*
howlite FLFLBLUE= //borosilicate Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5
H3.5 sg 2.6
-- fluoresces sky blue -- esp in LW
sol in HCl
found in porcelaneous or chalklike masses
in evaporite masses or as nodules in clay
*
benitoite FLFLBLUE+ //titanosilicate BaTiSi3O9
deep violet xtals
fluoresces sky blue-SW
a cyclosilicate
*
pabstite FLFLBLUE+ //silicate Ba(Sn,Ti)Si3O9
-- a tin analog of benitoite
-- same fluorescence
*
wollastonite FLFLORANGE++ //silicate CaSiO3
H5, SG 2.9
white-gray xtals
product of highly metamorphosed limestones
some have brief red phosphorescence
*
miserite FLFLYELLOW+ //silicate K(Ca,Ce)4Si5O13(OH)3
-- by day pink or white blades mixed with wollastonite-- hard to distinguish
-- SW-- both bright yellow
-- LW-- miserite non-fl
*
margarite FLFLBLUE= //silicate CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2
-- white or blue-white blebs in franklin calcite
-- sometimes with corundum
*
walstromite FLFLPINKORANGE+ //silicate BaCa2Si3O9
-- analog of margarosanite
-- pink or orange depending on Mn concentration
*
crocoite //chromate PbCrO4
H 2.-3
-- xtals usually prismatic & striated
-- Deep orange-red to orange
-- SG 6.1
-- lustre adamantine to vitreous, transparant
*
sodalite hackmanite FLFLRED //alumsilicate Na4Al3(SiO4)3Cl
--- hackmanite is sodalite that has tenebrescence or photochromism
-- fresh broken piece shows pink/purple/red surface which
fades to ordinary white after few minutes of light.
-- expose to few minutes of SW--- color returns-- can cycle indef.
*
hydrozincite FLFLBLUE= //carbonate Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
H2.5
-- xtals rare; habit- massive, compact, botyroidal, encrusting, stalactitic
-- usually white/pale grey by day; also yellow pink, brown
-- intense sku blue sw, or with touch of violet, or in whiter shade
sometimes found as a weathering product of sphalerite
*
scheelite FLFLBLUE= //wolframate CaWO4
H4.5-5 SG 6.12
intense sky blue-- sw
often in series from W to Mo, scheelite--powellite
as little as .3% Mo substitution---> white, >1%--> yellow
no activator involved-- pure synthetic will fl.
*
stolzite FLFLGREEN= //wolframate PbWO4
-- Tombstone AZ, Lucin Utah
-- fl only from the talc-tremolite bed - Talville & Balmat NY
-- hard to distinguish from anthophyllite
*
scapolite wernerite series FLFLYELLOW+ //complexsilicate
complex Ca-Na-Al-Si silicate/Cl/CO3/SO4
wernerite informal name of middle of this series
gray or white masses or xtals locked in a host, usually an impure limestone
Canada wernerite--> yellow SW, much better LW
some yel, pale pink, orange-- lw, all washed out yellow in sw
*
esperite FLFLYELLOW+ //silicate (Ca,Pb)ZnSiO4
once called Ca-larsenite
masses-- xtals may not exist
white, dirty-white, tan-pink
often accompanied by non-fl masses of franklinite
*
strontianite FLFL-WITE- //carbonate SrCO3
sometimes intense, enduring Phos-- green-white
*
witherite FLFLWHITE //oxide BaO3
yellow-yelloworange- best LW
H3-3.5
often twinning
colorless-grey
adamantine, translucent
SG 4.4
*
celestite FLFLWHITE //sulfate SrSO4
Weston OH-- bright white SW, best LW
H3-3.5
SG 4.0
sometimes strong Phos
*
anglesite FLFLYELLOW BESTLW //sulfate PbSO4
H2.5-3
colorless-white, also tinged yellow, green, gray
adamantine, transparent to opaque
*
willemite FLFLGREEN++ //silicate Zn2SiO4
H5.5, heavy
white, green, yellow, blue, pink (pink like feldspar)
hex, but ususally massive
Zn veins in Franklin, NJ
often associated with franklinite, another Zn ore
Mn activated (displaces Zn 1-13% , 1%= optimum Mn conc.)
*
axinite FLFLRED+ //borosilicate Ca2(Mn,Fe)Al2BSi4O15(OH)
cherry red SW
actually manganaxinite (some Mn replacement of Ca)= fl
*
rhodochrosite //carbonate MnCO3
H3.5-4
-- often with Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn
pink, rose-red, dark red, brown
-- darkens on exposure to atmosphere
subtransparent to transluscent
an ore of Mn
*