Cream of the Crop 26

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ilmenite //titanate & oxide FeTiO3 H5-6 SG 4.5-5 -- iron-black, conchoidal fracture -- diaphanous, metallic to submetallic -- sometimes slightly magnetic due to intergrown magnetite -- a source of pigment -- TiO2 * bixbyite //oxide (Mn,Fe)2O3 H6-6.5 SG 4.9 black, brilliant metallic to submetallic usually in perfect cubes, assoc w/topaz -- rare- usually in cavities in rhyolite * goethite //oxide HFeO2 H5-5.5 SG 4-4.4 -- brown iron ore, brown hematite -- xtals prismatic & striated black-brown to yellow or red-brown xtals adamantine, metallic to dull streak brown-yellow to orange-yellow * rutile //oxide TiO2 SG 4.4 H6-6.5 -- xtal or massive distinct prismatic reddish brown, blue-violet, black. white when pure adamantine to metallic a source of titanium * galena //sulfide PbS H2.5, sg 7.5 dark lead-gray, metallic most important lead ore -- also for Ag-- as argentite impurities often associated cubic * argentite Silver glance //sulfide Ag2S H2-2.5 SG7.3 black, metallic, opaque the most common primary Ag mineral * stibnite //sulfide Sb2S3 H2, sg 4.low sg for a sulfide most important ore of antimony greek stibi = Sb generally black, radiating needles has ability to bend slightly * molybdenite //sulfide MoS2 lead-gray with blue tinnge hex xtals metallic, opaque principal ore of Mo * sylvanite //telluride (Au,Ag)Te2 H1.5-2 steel-grey to silver-white, metallic, opaque * cinnabar //sulfide HgS bright red, brownish, adamantine to dull H2-2.5, SG 8.1 near hot springs, volcanic activity the only important ore of Hg amalgams with Sn, Ag, Au (so used to extract Au) * orpiment //sulfide As2S3 H1.5-2 SG3.4-3.5 lemon yellow, orange found with realgar, cinnabar * realgar //sulfide AsS deep red to orange H1.5-2 sg 3.5-3.6 can be confused with cinnabar * kaolinite //clay Al2Si2O5(OH)4 H 2-2.5 hydrous alumino-silicate quintessential clay-- hydrolysis of K feldspar (KCl a by product) widely used for pottery, china, porcelain reason why granite crumbles in warm, moist climates white, creamm color-- earthy, dull soft powdery texture-- -- smells earthy when damp -- generally in clay-like masses with dull appearance -- crumbles easily * sphalerite FLFLORANGE+ blende //sulfide ZnS H3.5-4 SG 4.1 -- often confused w/galena -- blende is popular name -- major world source of Zn mamatite= dark variety with > 10% FeS fluorescent in absence of iron, which is seldom the case can fl blue, red, pink, green w/ other activators cubic, perfect cleavage also massive, fibrous * azurite chessylite //carbonate Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Cu+++ azure-blue often assoc. with green malachite * malachite //carbonate Cu2CO3(OH)2 H3.5-4 Cu++ green xtals rare botryoidal & stalactite-like forms, or crusts often assoc with azurite * chrysocolla //silicate Cu2H2Si2O5(OH)4 H 2-4 -- bright blue green -- never xtaline. Uneven to conchoidal fracture VERY brittle -- harder than turquoise, softer than chalcedony -- often with limonite, azurite, malachite -- minor ore of copper * chrysoberyl //oxide BeO.Al2O3 tabular xtals H8.5 SG 3.7 distinct cleavage 1 direction green, grn-white, yellow-grn, golden yellow * cuprite //oxide Cu2O H3.5-4 SG 5.8-6.1 dark red similar to harder hematite & softer cinnabar * chalcosine chalcocite //sulfide Cu2S H2.5-3 sg 5.5-5.8 xtals rare dark grey, tarnishing to black sol hot HNO3 important copper ore * bornite peackock ore //sulfide Cu5FeS4 H3, SG5 red brown-- tarnishing to iridescent purple cubic, xtals rare brittle * chalcopyrite peacock ore //sulfide CuFeS2 h 3.5-4, sg 4.2 softer than pyrite, brittle, harder than gold usually massive brass-yellow, streak geenish black tarnished, may be iridescent very common copper ore * covellite ,blue copper, indigo copper //sulfide CuS H 1.5-2 crystals rare, usually massive indigo blue or darker, often iridescent in brass-yellow to dark red streak grey-black diaphanous flexible in thin leaves * pyrite //sulfide FeS2 H6-.5 sg 4.9-5.2 fool's gold important sulfur ore * marcasite //sulfide FeS2 H6-6.5 sg 4.8 white on fresh surface tends to disintegrate to a white powder (FeSO4) * arsenopyrite //sulfide FeAsS H5.5-6 prismatic, silver white to steel grey xtals metallic, opaque sparks when hit with hammer--> odor of garlic chief ore of arsenic * turquoise //phosphate CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.5H2O H5-6 SG 2.6-2.8 sky blue, sometimes blue-green Cu-->green, Fe-->blue ctals tiny, rare triclinic, rarely xtal -- usually massive, granular, stalactitic, concretionary -- crusts white to,pale grn streak perfect basal cleavage conchoidal to smooth fracture streak white or greenish name is from french pierre turquoise-- rock of Turkey * stilbite //silicate CaAl2Si7O18.7H2O cream-pink vitreous, transparent to translucent rough sheaf-like xtals are diagnostic -- aggregates of cruciform penetration twins * howlite FLFLBLUE= //borosilicate Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 H3.5 sg 2.6 -- fluoresces sky blue -- esp in LW sol in HCl found in porcelaneous or chalklike masses in evaporite masses or as nodules in clay * benitoite FLFLBLUE+ //titanosilicate BaTiSi3O9 deep violet xtals fluoresces sky blue-SW a cyclosilicate * pabstite FLFLBLUE+ //silicate Ba(Sn,Ti)Si3O9 -- a tin analog of benitoite -- same fluorescence * wollastonite FLFLORANGE++ //silicate CaSiO3 H5, SG 2.9 white-gray xtals product of highly metamorphosed limestones some have brief red phosphorescence * miserite FLFLYELLOW+ //silicate K(Ca,Ce)4Si5O13(OH)3 -- by day pink or white blades mixed with wollastonite-- hard to distinguish -- SW-- both bright yellow -- LW-- miserite non-fl * margarite FLFLBLUE= //silicate CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2 -- white or blue-white blebs in franklin calcite -- sometimes with corundum * walstromite FLFLPINKORANGE+ //silicate BaCa2Si3O9 -- analog of margarosanite -- pink or orange depending on Mn concentration * crocoite //chromate PbCrO4 H 2.-3 -- xtals usually prismatic & striated -- Deep orange-red to orange -- SG 6.1 -- lustre adamantine to vitreous, transparant * sodalite hackmanite FLFLRED //alumsilicate Na4Al3(SiO4)3Cl --- hackmanite is sodalite that has tenebrescence or photochromism -- fresh broken piece shows pink/purple/red surface which fades to ordinary white after few minutes of light. -- expose to few minutes of SW--- color returns-- can cycle indef. * hydrozincite FLFLBLUE= //carbonate Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 H2.5 -- xtals rare; habit- massive, compact, botyroidal, encrusting, stalactitic -- usually white/pale grey by day; also yellow pink, brown -- intense sku blue sw, or with touch of violet, or in whiter shade sometimes found as a weathering product of sphalerite * scheelite FLFLBLUE= //wolframate CaWO4 H4.5-5 SG 6.12 intense sky blue-- sw often in series from W to Mo, scheelite--powellite as little as .3% Mo substitution---> white, >1%--> yellow no activator involved-- pure synthetic will fl. * stolzite FLFLGREEN= //wolframate PbWO4 -- Tombstone AZ, Lucin Utah -- fl only from the talc-tremolite bed - Talville & Balmat NY -- hard to distinguish from anthophyllite * scapolite wernerite series FLFLYELLOW+ //complexsilicate complex Ca-Na-Al-Si silicate/Cl/CO3/SO4 wernerite informal name of middle of this series gray or white masses or xtals locked in a host, usually an impure limestone Canada wernerite--> yellow SW, much better LW some yel, pale pink, orange-- lw, all washed out yellow in sw * esperite FLFLYELLOW+ //silicate (Ca,Pb)ZnSiO4 once called Ca-larsenite masses-- xtals may not exist white, dirty-white, tan-pink often accompanied by non-fl masses of franklinite * strontianite FLFL-WITE- //carbonate SrCO3 sometimes intense, enduring Phos-- green-white * witherite FLFLWHITE //oxide BaO3 yellow-yelloworange- best LW H3-3.5 often twinning colorless-grey adamantine, translucent SG 4.4 * celestite FLFLWHITE //sulfate SrSO4 Weston OH-- bright white SW, best LW H3-3.5 SG 4.0 sometimes strong Phos * anglesite FLFLYELLOW BESTLW //sulfate PbSO4 H2.5-3 colorless-white, also tinged yellow, green, gray adamantine, transparent to opaque * willemite FLFLGREEN++ //silicate Zn2SiO4 H5.5, heavy white, green, yellow, blue, pink (pink like feldspar) hex, but ususally massive Zn veins in Franklin, NJ often associated with franklinite, another Zn ore Mn activated (displaces Zn 1-13% , 1%= optimum Mn conc.) * axinite FLFLRED+ //borosilicate Ca2(Mn,Fe)Al2BSi4O15(OH) cherry red SW actually manganaxinite (some Mn replacement of Ca)= fl * rhodochrosite //carbonate MnCO3 H3.5-4 -- often with Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn pink, rose-red, dark red, brown -- darkens on exposure to atmosphere subtransparent to transluscent an ore of Mn *